Sensor Nodes

Smart garden sensor nodes
built on ESP32-C3.

Every PlantHub sensor node packs four environmental sensors into a compact, weatherproof ESP32-C3 module. Capacitive soil moisture, air temperature, humidity, and ambient light — all pushing data over encrypted MQTT in real time. Self-provisioning. Offline-capable. Starting at $15.

What is a garden sensor node?

A garden sensor node is a small, connected device that continuously monitors environmental conditions around your plants. It measures soil moisture, air temperature, humidity, and light — then sends that data wirelessly to a central system for analysis and automation.

Think of sensor nodes as the "eyes and ears" of your smart garden. Without sensor data, garden automation is just a timer. With it, your system can make intelligent decisions: water only when soil is dry, skip watering before rain, and alert you when conditions threaten plant health.

PlantHub sensor nodes are built on the ESP32-C3 microcontroller — the same chip used in commercial IoT products. Each node includes four calibrated sensors, WiFi connectivity, and enough processing power to run automation rules locally when your internet drops.

Specifications

Four sensors in every node

Capacitive soil moisture

0–100% volumetric water content

Corrosion-resistant capacitive sensing (no exposed metal electrodes). Unlike resistive sensors that degrade within weeks in wet soil, capacitive probes last for years. Readings update every 30 seconds by default.

Air temperature (DHT22)

-40°C to 80°C · ±0.5°C accuracy

Measures ambient air temperature around your plants. PlantHub's AI uses this to detect frost risk, heat stress, and optimal growing windows for each plant species.

Relative humidity (DHT22)

0–100% RH · ±2% accuracy

Critical for tropical plants, seedlings, and greenhouse growing. PlantHub monitors humidity trends and alerts you when levels drop below your plant's comfort zone.

Ambient light (BH1750)

1–65535 lux · 16-bit resolution

Measures actual light reaching your plants in lux. PlantHub uses light data to determine if plants are getting enough sun, and factors light levels into watering decisions — less water on cloudy days.

Sensor node architecture

PlantHub sensor nodes follow a read → publish → analyze → act architecture designed for reliability and security:

ESP32-C3 → MQTT (mutual TLS) → AWS IoT Core → PlantHub AI → ESP32-C3

Sensor readings are collected by the ESP32-C3 at configurable intervals (default: 30 seconds). Data is published to AWS IoT Core over MQTT with mutual TLS authentication — each device has its own X.509 certificate, so no shared keys or passwords.

PlantHub's AI engine subscribes to incoming sensor data in real time via server-sent events (SSE). It evaluates readings against the plant's species profile, current weather forecasts, and historical trends. Decisions are compiled into lightweight rules and pushed back to the ESP32 node for local execution.

If connectivity drops, the node falls back to its last compiled ruleset. Your garden keeps running — watering schedules, threshold alerts, and safety limits all execute locally on the ESP32-C3 until the connection is restored.

PlantHub sensor nodes vs DIY ESP32 builds

Building your own ESP32 sensor node is a great learning project. But if you want a production-ready garden monitoring system without the setup overhead, here's how PlantHub nodes compare:

AspectPlantHub NodeDIY ESP32 Build
Setup time< 2 minutes2–8 hours
Total costFrom $15 (complete)$8–30 (parts only)
Soldering requiredNoneUsually required
Firmware updatesOTA automaticManual USB flash
Cloud connectivityMutual TLS to AWS IoTDIY MQTT setup
AI analysisBuilt-in with 50+ plant profilesNot included
Weather integration28-hour forecasts includedCustom API work
SecurityPer-device X.509 certificatesBasic or none
Offline operationAI-compiled ESP32 rulesCustom firmware
SupportManaged platformCommunity forums

How many sensor nodes do you need?

The number of sensor nodes depends on your growing setup and how many distinct microclimates you want to monitor:

  • 1 node — A single balcony planter box or indoor plant shelf
  • 2–4 nodes — A home garden with different sun exposures (front yard vs. back)
  • 5–10 nodes — A terrace farm or large vegetable garden with multiple zones
  • 10–50+ nodes — Commercial greenhouse with zone-level monitoring and cascading AI settings

Each node operates independently with its own sensor array. PlantHub lets you organize nodes into zones — logical groups like "Herb Garden", "Tomato Bed", or "Greenhouse Bay 3" — and apply AI settings per zone. Add nodes as you grow.

Plug-and-claim: self-provisioning explained

Traditional ESP32 setups require flashing firmware, hard-coding WiFi credentials, and manually configuring MQTT endpoints. PlantHub eliminates all of that with plug-and-claim provisioning:

When you power on a new PlantHub sensor node, it generates a unique claim code. Enter that code in the PlantHub app, and the system automatically provisions the device with:

  • Unique X.509 certificates for mutual TLS authentication
  • MQTT topic assignments for sensor data publishing
  • AI configuration (mode, thresholds, plant profile)
  • OTA update channel for future firmware improvements

For greenhouse deployments, PlantHub supports admin claim codes that let you provision multiple nodes in bulk — no per-device setup required.

PlantHub sensor nodes give you production-grade garden monitoring without the DIY complexity. Learn more about the complete system:

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